VERB TO BE
BOLMAK IŞLIGI
1. To be näme?
To be iňlis dilindäki iň köp ulanylýan işlikleriň biridir. Ol sözleme görä «bolmak», «...-dyr», «...-da», «...-de» ýaly manylary berip biler. Türkmen diline terjime edilende, käwagt bu söz aýratyn terjime edilmeýär.
To be köplenç adamyň kimdigini, nähilidigini, nirede ýerleşýändigini ýa-da ýagdaýyny aňlatmak üçin ulanylýar.
Mysallara seredeliň:
I am a student. — Men okuwçy.
She is happy. — Ol şat.
They are at home. — Olar öýde.
He is tired. — Ol ýadaw.
Bu sözlemlerde am, is, are, sözleri ulanylýar. Olaryň haýsysyny saýlamalydygymyz sözlemiň eýesine we wagtyna baglydyr.
2. Am, Is, Are — häzirki zaman
Häzirki wagtda kimdir biri ýa-da bir zat barada aýdanymyzda, köplenç am, is, are görnüşlerini ulanýarys.
Bu üç düzgüni gowy ýatda saklasaň, to be işligini dogry ulanmak has aňsat bolar.
1. Uzyn we gysga görnüşleri (Present Simple)
I am / I'm
/aɪ æm/ /aɪm/
Men ...
You are / You're
/juː ɑːr/ /jʊər/
Sen ... / Siz ...
He is / He's
/hiː ɪz/ /hiːz/
Ol ... (erkek)
She is / She's
/ʃiː ɪz/ /ʃiːz/
Ol ... (aýal)
It is / It's
/ɪt ɪz/ /ɪts/
Ol / Bu ... (zat ýa-da haýwan)
We are / We're
/wiː ɑːr/ /wɪər/
Biz ...
They are / They're
/ðeɪ ɑːr/ /ðeər/
Olar ...
Mysallar:
I am a student. / I'm a student.
/aɪ æm ə ˈstjuːdənt/ /aɪm ə ˈstjuːdənt/
Men okuwçy.
You are happy. / You're happy.
/juː ɑːr ˈhæpi/ /jʊər ˈhæpi/
Sen şat.
He is my brother. / He's my brother.
/hiː ɪz maɪ ˈbrʌðər/ /hiːz maɪ ˈbrʌðər/
Ol meniň doganym.
She is a teacher. / She's a teacher.
/ʃiː ɪz ə ˈtiːtʃər/ /ʃiːz ə ˈtiːtʃər/
Ol mugallym.
It is a cat. / It's a cat.
/ɪt ɪz ə kæt/ /ɪts ə kæt/
Bu pişik.
We are friends. / We're friends.
/wiː ɑːr frendz/ /wɪər frendz/
Biz dostlar.
They are at home. / They're at home.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ət həʊm/ /ðeər ət həʊm/
Olar öýde.
Ýatda sakla!
I am → I'm
You are → You're
He is → He's
She is → She's
It is → It's
We are → We're
They are → They're
2. To be — inkär sözlemi
Bir zadyň beýle däldigini aýtmak üçin am, is, are sözlerinden soň not goýulýar.
Düzülişi:
Eýe + am / is / are + not + sözlemiň galan bölegi.
I am not / I'm not
/aɪ æm nɒt/ /aɪm nɒt/
Men ... däl
You are not / You aren't / You're not
/juː ɑːr nɒt/ /juː ɑːrnt/ /jʊər nɒt/
Sen ... däl / Siz ... däl
He is not / He isn't / He's not
/hiː ɪz nɒt/ /hiː ˈɪzənt/ /hiːz nɒt/
Ol ... däl (erkek)
She is not / She isn't / She's not
/ʃiː ɪz nɒt/ /ʃiː ˈɪzənt/ /ʃiːz nɒt/
Ol ... däl (aýal)
It is not / It isn't / It's not
/ɪt ɪz nɒt/ /ɪt ˈɪzənt/ /ɪts nɒt/
Ol / Bu ... däl (zat ýa-da haýwan)
We are not / We aren't / We're not
/wiː ɑːr nɒt/ /wiː ɑːrnt/ /wɪər nɒt/
Biz ... däl
They are not / They aren't / They're not
/ðeɪ ɑːr nɒt/ /ðeɪ ɑːrnt/ /ðeər nɒt/
Olar ... däl
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